《英文msh詞典》Signal Transduction Pathways
[入口詞] Signal Transduction Pathways
[主題詞] Signal Transduction
[英文釋義] The intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system,an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone,neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions,cell differentiation,and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system,the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway,and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example,protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.